Piston Bowl Geometry Optimization for Enhanced Internal Combustion Engine Performance and Emission Reduction: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

1. Abstract

The design of the piston bowl is one of the key factors influencing flow characteristics, combustion, performance, and emissions in modern diesel engines. With the increasing stringency of environmental emission standards and the need to enhance thermal efficiency, the design of combustion chambers has become one of the most important areas of research in internal combustion engine engineering. The objective of this paper is to provide a review of previous studies conducted from 2018 to 2026, which investigated the effect of piston bowl shapes on internal flow, combustion characteristics, emissions, and the thermal and mechanical effects on the piston. The review focused on analyzing engineering variables such as bowl depth, diameter, and cavity design concerning heat release rates, combustion efficiency, and emissions of nitrogen oxides and soot. Additionally, the review included the most significant numerical models used in combustion simulation, as well as the gaps and future trends affecting the design of combustion chambers.

Keywords: piston bowl, combustion efficiency, (CFD,FEA), Alternative Fuels, Thermo Structural